From TikTok influencers promoting new products to YouTube stars sharing their routines, skincare has become a defining characteristic of modern society. Although its popularity arose in the early 20th century, skincare has recently gained notable traction in younger generations as part of the growing wellness trend. Whether it is maintaining a healthy diet or prioritizing self care, the wellness trend emphasizes the importance of maximizing one’s health. In this sense, skincare has become a major component of overall wellness; not only internal but external maintenance is required to optimize one’s health and appearance. 

In the past, cosmetics were used to help conceal imperfections and shortcomings in skin. However, repairing and building up skin is now more favored as it works to target problem areas as opposed to simply covering them up. Maximizing the skin’s health not only improves overall coverage and appearance but also the long-term vitality of skin—something achievable only through the development of healthy habits. Creating a daily skincare routine has become increasingly popular, mostly due to the influence of social media. Many brands take advantage of the exposure from these platforms and advertise their products to unassuming adolescents. But what do we, as adolescents, truly need for our skin? And what entails an effective skincare regimen?

It is easy to become susceptible to the social media buzz, but creating an effective skincare routine requires introspection. Take a look in the mirror and reflect on your day-to-day habits. What does your skin lack? What is a routine that you will regularly adhere to?  It isn’t specific treatments and products that allow for visible results but personalization and consistency. 

A basic skincare routine entails five key products: cleanser, toner, serum, moisturizer, and sunscreen (during the day). Although there is no universal formula, this general overview provides an initial structure for helping create your skincare routine. 

1. Cleanser

Cleanser is the first step to your skincare routine. Similar to how soap washes away bacteria from our hands, cleanser acts as the initial product that rids our skin of external germs, dust, and oils that accumulate throughout the day, while simultaneously providing hydration. Regardless of skin type, all cleansers should dissolve oils and kill bacteria without causing irritation or damage. 

Cleanser should be used at least once a day. If you have oily skin, use it both in the morning and before going to bed. After waking up or showering, place a small dollop in your hand, and gently massage it onto your face for at least 60 seconds without picking at your skin. Let it sit on your face for at least 20 seconds. Afterwards, rinse with cold water to reduce redness. 

CeraVe’s Hydrating Facial Cleanser is a non-irritating dermatologist-recommended daily facial cleanser that is suitable for all skin types. This specific cleanser contains hyaluronic acid, which helps to maintain moisture and reduce scarring and wrinkles. Alternatively, I also recommend Kiehl’s Ultra Facial Cleanser. While it is a slightly more expensive option, this product is especially suitable for sensitive skin. This cleanser effortlessly removes the gunk from your face without drying out your skin.

2. Toner

   

   

    

After washing your face, toner removes any lingering residues of dirt and oil; it acts as insurance for your cleanser. It also helps to reset and balance out your skin tone. 

Toner should be used twice daily—once in the morning and once in the evening. Regardless of skin type, its lightweight, water-based nature should not cause additional irritation to your skin. Gently pat two to five drops of toner onto your face. If you find that it is difficult to apply with your bare hands, pour the toner onto a cotton pad.

Kiehl’s Cucumber Herbal Alcohol-Free Toner is a great unscented option for all skin types. Its cucumber extract decreases inflammation and leaves the skin clean and hydrated. For those with acne-prone skin, I recommend Kiehl’s Calendula Herbal Extract Alcohol-Free Toner. It is slightly scented and contains small calendula petals to help maintain an even skin texture. 

3. Serum

Facial serums help target specific skin needs. This is the most personalized aspect of your skincare routine as the serum you use aligns with your skincare goals. The greater number of active ingredients in these water-based products allows for more visible results. 

Generally, a few drops will suffice. Gently rub the serum onto your face and neck. If you are confident enough, directly squeeze the product from the dropper straight onto your cheeks and forehead. To maximize the effects of the active ingredients, allow the serum to fully absorb into your skin before moving on to the next step.

The Ordinary’s Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% and Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5 serum combination helps to reduce the appearance of acne, dark spots, and fine lines, as well as even out overall skin tone. This absorbing, fast-drying formula is suitable for all skin types and is a great affordable option. Alternatively, the Anua 10% Niacinamide + 4% TXA Serum leaves your skin with a hydrating glow and visible results after a few days of use. 

Typically, serums should be used twice daily. Begin by applying small dosages, and carefully monitor your skin’s response to each product. If your skin is particularly sensitive, skip this step altogether. 

4. Moisturizer

As someone especially sensitive to oil, I thought that moisturizer was the main contributor to my facial acne. However, a lack of moisturizer will cause your skin to feel dry and cracked instead. It helps to lock in facial moisture while preventing the environment from drying it out.  

Apply moisturizer twice a day. I recommend placing it on the back of your hand and using your finger to place it on your face before rubbing it in. Your skin should look smooth but not slathered with product. 

For something incredibly lightweight yet moisturizing, Kiehl’s Calendula Serum-Infused Water Cream is my choice for the spring and summer. This lightly scented water-based moisturizer is ideal for the hotter months, as your skin feels less heavy and bogged down. Another great affordable option is the Neutrogena Hydro Boost Face Moisturizer. This simple formula is slightly scented and apt for all skin types. 

5. Sunscreen* (during the day)

In the morning, sunscreen is the final step to your skincare routine. You may have heard that sunscreens with SPF 15 and upwards help to protect against sunburn and diseases such as skin cancer. More importantly, it also helps to prevent premature aging of your skin. 

The most vital detail is to reapply every two hours. In fact, it should be worn every day, regardless of the weather or if indoors or outdoors. A good measure of thumb is to use around two fingers’ length worth of sunscreen. Evenly rub it onto your face and down to the neck. Apply your sunscreen at least 15 minutes before stepping outside, and keep an extra bottle with you throughout the day for easy reapplication. 

The Isntree Hyaluronic Acid Watery Sun Gel is a lightweight, unscented, and hydrating SPF 50+ sunscreen that is suitable for all skin types, especially those with oily skin. It leaves no white cast, leaving no worries of having stubborn white stains on your skin and clothes. Alternatively, the Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Moisturizing Face Serum is an effective and affordable option. 

*With multiple layers applied throughout the day, sunscreen inevitably clogs your pores. To prevent acne and product buildup, complete this step before using a water-based facial cleanser at the end of the day. Use two to four pumps of facial cleansing oil to help draw out the oils from your skin. Gently rub it into your skin for around one to two minutes. DHC’s Deep Cleansing Oil is ideal for gently removing excess oils and products from your skin.

While these are my recommendations, consider factors such as affordability, ingredient allergies, and personal skincare goals when designing your skincare routine. Does washing your face with the cleanser in the morning leave your skin cracked and dry? Then only rinse your face with water in the morning. Are you breaking out excessively? Perhaps scale back the amount of serum you use. As you continue your routine, adjust the products or application method to adapt to your skin’s reaction and tendencies. You will gradually see a change in your skin for the better.